Extraction of effective components of Psoralea corylifolia and efficacy evaluation in the treatment of vitiligo / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To extract the effective components of Psoralea corylifolia and evaluate its efficacy in the treatment of vitiligo. METHODS The concentrations of psoralen， isopsoralen， neobavaisoflavone， corylin， psoralidin， corylifolinin， and bakuchiol in P. corylifolia extract were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Based on the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and Plackett-Burman design， with the concentrations of the 7 components as evaluation indexes and the crushing degree， ethanol concentration， and soaking time as factors， the extraction process of P. corylifolia was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology and the validation test was conducted. Zebrafish were divided into blank control group， positive control group （8-methoxypsoralen， 10.8 μg/mL）， and low-， medium-， and high-concentration groups of P. corylifolia extract （500， 1 000， 2 000 μg/mL）， with 6 fish in each group. The effects of P. corylifolia extract on the melanin production of zebrafish were studied by density analysis. RESULTS The best extraction process was P. corylifolia powder over 60 meshes and soaked in 80% ethanol for 72 hours. The average comprehensive score of three validation experiments was 98.27， with an RSD of 1.36%， and the relative error was 1.02% compared with the predicted value of the fitting equation （97.28）. Compared with the blank control group， the melanin pigmentation of zebrafish in the low-， medium-， and high-concentration groups of P. corylifolia extract was significantly increased （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The optimized extraction process of P. corylifolia is reasonable and feasible， and the obtained P. corylifolia extract can significantly promote the production of melanin in zebrafish.

Compatibility characteristics of Bufei Yishen formula Ⅲ in regulating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mucus hypersecretion / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To evaluate the compatibility laws of effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula Ⅲ (ECC-BYFⅢ) in regulating mucus hypersecretion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:According to the efficacy of the original Chinese medicine, the components of ECC-BYFⅢ were divided into four categories: Buqi (Ginsenoside Rh1+Astragaloside), Bushen (Icariin), Huatan (Nobiletin), and Huoxue (Paeonol). The four categories were divided into 14 groups based on the method of mathematical permutation. ① The rats were divided into control group, model group, ECC-BYFⅢ, and different components compatibility groups according to the random number table, totaling 17 groups. COPD rat model in stable phase was established by cigarette smoke exposure combined with repeated bacterial infections. The corresponding drugs were given by gavage at the 9th week of modeling, and the samples were collected at the end of the 16th week. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the levels of mucin (MUC) 5AC in lung tissue and BALF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ② Human lung epithelial cells BEAS-2B were divided into blank group, model group, and different components compatibility groups. Hypoxia-induced mucus hypersecretion model of human lung epithelial cells BEAS-2B was established 4 hours after corresponding drug pretreatment. The mRNA expressions of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC1 were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mucus secretion indexes of rats and BEAS-2B cells were evaluated by Region (R) value comprehensive evaluation method.Results:① Compared with the control group, MMP-9 in serum and BALF from the model group were significantly increased, the level of TIMP-1 was significantly decreased, and MUC5AC in lung tissue and BALF were significantly increased. The results of R value comprehensive evaluation showed that except for the Buqi and Bushen groups, ECC-BYFⅢ and other components compatibility groups significantly corrected mucus hypersecretion in COPD rats, ECC-BYFⅢ, Bushen Quxie, Fuzheng Huatan, and Quxie groups were much better (R values were 2.15±0.42, 2.11±0.23, 2.16±0.23 and 2.16±0.55, respectively), compared with the model group (R value: 3.00±0.00), the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). ② Compared with the blank group, the mRNA expressions of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC1 increased in the model group. But different components compatibility groups had no significant effects on the mucus secretion of BEAS-2B cells. ③ The comprehensive evaluation results of R value about each in vivo and in vitro index showed that ECC-BYFⅢ, Huoxue, Quxie, Bushen Huoxue, Fuzheng Huatan, Buqi Quxie groups significantly corrected the mucus hypersecretion (R values were 2.30±0.43, 2.33±0.44, 2.12±0.68, 2.27±0.64, 2.24±0.27 and 2.29±0.47, respectively), compared with the model group (R value: 3.00±0.00), the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.01). The order was: Quxie > Fuzheng Huatan > Bushen Huoxue > Buqi Quxie > ECC-BYFⅢ > Huoxue. Conclusions:Different components compatibility of ECC-BYFⅢ had different effects on COPD mucus secretion. The components containing Huatan (Nobiletin) or Huoxue (Paeonol) showed a better inhibitory effect on mucus secretion.

Development of an overall evaluation system for traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

This paper reviews modern science and technology with regard to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research methods, quality control, and discusses the establishment and improvement of the evaluation system for TCM, focusing on the following issues: 1) How to incorporate the efficacy of TCM in the overall evaluation of TCM quality; 2) how to quantify the efficacy and properties of TCM; 3) how to understand the correlation between the efficacy and properties of TCM and its application; 4) how to reflect the specificity of the effective components in the overall evaluation of TCM quality; and 5) how to reflect the quality value transfer of effective components in the whole process of production and metabolism in vivo to the overall evaluation of TCM quality. The overall quality evaluation of TCM needs to better reflect its clinically safety and effectiveness. It is suggested to establish a clinical quality assessment method based on the content of the chemical components of TCM to explore and establish an overall evaluation method of TCM quality that reflects the efficacy of TCM and conforms with clinical practice.

Research progress of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine in anti-aging and anti-tumor mechanism / 药学学报

Increasing research have found a high correlation between senescence and tumor. Cellular senescence can inhibit tumorigenesis while the cellular microenvironment altered by senescent cells can promote the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Some cellular signaling pathways are commonly involved in aging process and carcinogenesis. The deregulation and imbalance of these pathways results into senescence and tumor development. Thus, agents that balance these pathways may effective for anti-aging and anti-tumor. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for the activation of multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets both associated with aging and tumor, with few side effects. Therefore, the article reviewed the cellular signalings that cross between the aging and tumors, and on this basis, summarized the current effective components of TCM with anti-aging and anti-cancer properties, as well as the potential mechanisms of these components in the cross signalings, to provide new research strategies and perspectives for effective components of TCM to treat aging and tumors.

Effect of combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on growth and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中国中药杂志

The study is aimed through field experiments to study the effect of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza, provide ideas for reducing fertilization while increasing the efficiency as well as improving the quality of produces. The experiment included 6 treatments viz., no fertilization(CK), full application of chemical fertilizer(F), 25% orga-nic fertilizer with 75% chemical fertilizer(M25), 50% organic fertilizer with 50% chemical fertilizer(M50), 75% organic fertilizer with 25% chemical fertilizer(M75), and fully apply organic fertilizer(M100). The results showed that:(1)from the perspective of yield and economic benefits, M75 was the best and M100 second;(2)for effective components, the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers increased the content of main water-soluble components and the total content of effective components, among which M25 and M50 were better.

Effects of Guizhi Fuling Capsules and Its Main Components on Intestinal Flora of Primary Dysmenorrhea Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of Guizhi ful ing capsules and its principal components （paeoniflorin， paeonol and amygdalin ）on the intestinal flora of primary dysmenorrhea model rats. METHODS ：Female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group ，model group ，capsule group（Guizhi fuling capsule ，1 000 mg/kg），paeoniflorin group （15.0 mg/kg）， paeonol group （10.3 mg/kg）and amygdalin group （12.1 mg/kg），with 6 rats in each group. Except for normal group ，other groups were given estradiol benzoate subcutaneously on the back of rats and oxytocin intraperitoneally to induce primary dysmenorrhea model. From the 4th day after subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate ，normal group was given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically ；model group was given constant volume of 0.5％CMC-Na solution intragastrically ；administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 7 days. The writhing times and the contents of and MDA in uterus tissue of rats were determined ，and then com the contents of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs）such as acetic acid，propionic acid ，butyric acid in colonic contents were detected by GC method. Using diver sity index as index ， Rep-PCR and Eric-PCR were used to evaluate the d iversity of intestinal flora in feces of rats. RESULTS ：Compared with normal group，the writhing times of rats were increased significantly in model group ；the contents of NO and MDA in uterus were increased significantly ，while the contents of acetic acid ，propionic acid and butyric acid in colonic contents and total content of SCFAs were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the number of DNA electrophoresis bands of intestinal flora was significantly reduced ，the brightness of most bands was significantly reduced ，and the diversity indexes （by Rep-PCR and Eric-PCR method ，hereinafter）1 h after administration were significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group，writhing times of rats were decreased significantly in capsule group ，paeoniflorin group and paeonol group ；the contents of NO in uterus of rats in capsule group and paeoniflorin group as well as the contents of MDA in capsule group ，paeoniflorin group and paeonol group were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the propionic acid content and total content of SCFAs in colon of rats in capsule group ，the contents of acetic acid ，propionic acid and butyric acid ，total content of SCFAs in paeoniflorin group as well as the contents of propionic acid and butyric acid ，total content of SCFAs in paeonol group were increased significantly；the content of isovaleric acid was decreased significantly in paeoniflorin group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；DNA electrophoresis bands and its brightness of intestinal flora changed to different extents in administration groups ，and the diversity indexes of intestinal flora 1 h after administration were increased significantly in capsule group and paeoniflorin group ，while those indexes were decreased significantly in paeonol group and amygdalin group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Guizhi fuling capsules can significantly reduce writhing times and the contents of NO and MDA in uterus of primary dysmenorrhea model rats. At the same time ，the capsules also can regulate SCFAs content in colonic contents and intestinal flora diversity of rats. The above effects may be related to paeoniflorin and paeonol in the capsules.

Screening and validation of antithrombotic effective components group from Trichosanthes extract / 药学学报

To screen the antithrombotic effective components group of Trichosanthes extract, and to verify its pharmacodynamics and analyze its mechanism, the HPLC fingerprint of Trichosanthes extract (0.09, 0.45, 0.9 g·kg-1) was established, and the pharmacodynamic indexes of antithrombosis in rats with aspirin (0.01 g·kg-1) as positive control group were determined (the animals used in this experiment were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Wannan Medical College). The antithrombotic spectrum-activity relationship of Trichosanthes extract was studied and the effective antithrombotic ingredients group was screened by grey relational analysis. The monomer compound mixed solution (0.006, 0.03, 0.06 g·kg-1) was prepared according to the content of each component in the active component group, and the pharmacodynamics and action mechanism were studied to verify the correctness of the spectrum-effect relationship. The correlation between the 22 components of Trichosanthes extract and antithrombotic efficacy was different and showed dose-effect relationship. Cytosine, uracil, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, adenine, guanosine, and adenosine are the main antithrombotic components of Trichosanthes extract. The ratio of cytosine, uracil, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, adenine, guanosine and adenosine was 3∶12∶10∶5∶2∶8∶13∶14. Compared with the model group, the thrombus dry weight of each effective components group could be effectively reduced (P<0.01 or P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between each effective components group and the Trichosanthes extract group. Compared with the model group, the TXB2 content in group (0.06 g·kg-1, 0.03 g·kg-1) could be effectively reduced (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the content of 6-keto-PGF1α could be increased in each group (P<0.01), and the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α tended to be normal and showed a dose-effect relationship. The effect was better than that in the Trichosanthes extract group (0.45 g·kg-1) (P<0.01). The effective ingredients group has a good antithrombotic effect, its mechanism is to inhibit platelet aggregation and improve vascular endothelial function.

Multiple Effective Components Determination in Essential Oil from Curcuma phaeocaulis by GC-MS and Its Integrated Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To develop the determination method for plasma concentration of effective components in essential oil from Curcuma phaeocaulis,and to study its integrated pharmacokinetics. METHODS:Sixteen rats were given the extract of essential oil from C. phaeocaulis 1.0 g/kg(by crude drug)intragastrically;blood samples 300-400 μL from orbit were collected 0, 0.17,0.5,1,2,2.5,3,4,6,8,10,12,24 h after medication. The plasma concentration of α-pinene,1,8-cineole,borneol, β-elemene,curcumol,germacrone and curdione in rats were determined by GC-MS. The determination was performed on DB-5 capillary column,using helium as carrier gas,at the flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The injector temperature was 270 ℃,by temperature programming,and split ratio was 20∶1. The sample size was 1 μ L. The ion source was electrospray ion source. The selective reaction monitoring mode was used for the positive ion scanning in the range of m/z 20-500. Pharmacokinetic parameters of above effective components were calculated by using DAS 2.0 software. The weight coefficients were customized according to the proportion of AUC0-∞in the sum of AUC0-∞. The integrated pharmacokinetic parameters of multiple effective components in essential oil from C. phaeocaulis were calculated. RESULTS:The linear range of α-pinene,1,8-cineole,borneol,β-elemene, curcumol, germacrone, and curdione were 2.71-173.54, 7.76-496.88, 3.37-215.72, 21.68-1 387.50, 40.21-2 573.44, 24.84-3 179.69,47.78-3 057.81 ng/mL,respectively (r＞0.99). The lower limits of quantitation were 2.71,7.76, 3.37,21.68,40.21,24.84,47.78 ng/mL,respectively. The precision,accuracy and matrix effects were in line with related requirements of quantitative analysis of biological samples. The pharmacokinetic parameters of α-pinene,1,8-cineole,borneol, β-elemene,curcumol,germacrone,and curdione were as follows that cmaxwere (34.72 ± 9.97),(99.86 ± 5.54),(16.10 ± 3.37), (248.98±86.19),(673.75±104.15),(2 353.64±637.83),(2 420.04±708.51)ng/mL;tmaxwere(2.33±0.29),(0.67±0.29), (1.33±0.58),(1.83±0.76),(0.83±0.29),(0.89±0.18),(1.17±0.76)h;t1/2were(8.64±1.46),(8.98±1.63),(12.43± 2.88),(19.86 ± 4.05),(15.63 ± 5.50),(14.17 ± 4.13),(7.14 ± 0.67)h;AUC0-twere (189.78 ± 89.10),(454.74 ± 82.43), (100.55±8.27),(1 067.37±216.55),(3 154.16±405.94),(16 501.24±663.88),(12 524.92±3 222.10)ng·h/mL;AUC0-∞were(229.57±93.50),(524.32±81.67),(146.28±10.74),(2 092.70±416.18),(5 388.65±661.86),(28 198.87±4 102.62), (14 139.35 ± 3 109.19)ng·h/mL,respectively. After integration,the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows that cmaxwas 1 880.94 ng/mL; tmaxwas 0.50 h; t1/2was 11.22 h;AUC0-twas 13 050.89 ng·h/mL;AUC0- ∞was 19 015.21 ng·h/mL. CONCLUSIONS: The method can be used for the detection of plasma concentration of effective components in rats;pharmacokinetic parameters of essential oil from C. phaeocaulis after integration are greatly different from single effective component,which can provide reference for characterization of its overall pharmacokinetics.

Effects of Hypoxia / Reoxygenation on Myocardial Cells: Protected by Components of Water Extract from Qi-Xue Bing-Zhi Recipe / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to observe the protective effects of components of water extract from Qi-Xue Bing-Zhi recipe (CWQB) on myocardial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury,by optimizing the metabolism of highenergy phosphates and then preventing cell damage and early apoptosis correlatively.Myocardial cells were separated and extracted from newborn SD rats.And then,H/R models were made by depriving oxygen for 3 hours and then regaining for 2 hours.Cardiomyocytes were divided into four groups,which were the control (normal oxygen) group,H/R (H/R model) group,TMZ (H/R model + 100 μmol/L Trimetazidine,TMZ) group,and CWQB (H/R model + 1 mmol/L CWQB) group.High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used in the content determination of adenosine monophosphate (AMP),adenosine diphosphate (ADP),adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in each group for the calculation of total adenylic acid (TAN) and energy charge (EC).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used in the detection of myocardial damage markers,such as creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT).The early apoptosis of myocardial cells were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM).The results showed that compared with H/R group,contents of AMP in the TMZ group and CWQB group were decreased,while contents of ADP,ATP,TAN and EC were all increased in both groups.The increasing degrees of ADP,ATP and TAN in TMZ group were higher than those of the CWQB group (P ＜ 0.05).Contents of CK-MB and cTnT were significantly decreased in the TMZ group and the CWQB group.Content of cTnT decreased more significantly in the CWQB group (P ＜ 0.05).In the TMZ group and the CWQB group,early apoptosis rate was decreased.The decreasing in the TH group was more significant (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the level of CK-MB and concentration of ADP had significant negative correlation.The early apoptosis rate and AMP had significant positive correlation.The early apoptosis rate had negative correlation with concentrations of ADP and ATP (P ＜ 0.01).It was concluded that CWQB recipe can decrease the concentration of AMP in H/R cardiomyocytes,increase the concentrations of ADP,ATP,TAN and EC,and decrease myocardial damage makers such as CK-MB and cTnT,depress early apoptosis rate in H/R cardiomyocytes,in order to display its cardioprotective effects in H/R injury.

Identification of the metabolites and effective components of flos scabiosae extract in rats using UHPLC-Q-Tof-MS/MS method / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To identify the metabolites of Flos scabiosae extract in rats after oral administration for exploring its metabolism mode in vivo. METHODS: Welch Ultimate UHPLC C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for the analysis, and the column temperature was maintained at 25℃. Gradient elution was conducted with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% acetic acid water (A) and acetonitrile (B) at a flowing rate of 0.35 mL·min-1. The injection volume was 6 μX. Urine, plasma, and feces samples were collected during 0-24 h or 0-12 h after oral administration of Flos scabiosae extract to rats. The samples and control samples were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-T MS/MS in the scanning mode to acquire the full-scan chromatograms. The data acquisition and processing analysis were conducted using compound retention time, precise molecular mass, elemental composition, isotopic abundance, and mass spectra with Peak View v1.2 data processing software. Metabolites were identified by comparison of chromatograms of the urine, feces and plasma samples after administraion of Flos scabiosae extract with those of the blank biological samples and the herb extract. RESULTS: The developed method is applicable to the analysis and identification of metabolites of Flos scabiosae extract in biological matrices after oral administration. Based on the investigation of Flos scabiosae extract in rats, 28 parent compounds with 31 metabolites were detected in rat urine, feces, and plasma. CONCLUSION: In this study, the developed method is simple and efficient. The main metabolism pathways of Flos scabiosae extract in rats may include oxidation, demethylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. This study provides a novel pattern and illumination for the research of material basis of Flos scabiosae.

Research progress and application in fingerprint technology on Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Chinese materia medica (CMM) fingerprint technology is an effective method to evaluate pros and cons, identify the authenticity, distinguish species, and ensure consistency and stability of CMM. With the development of modern analytical technology, CMM fingerprint technology is widely used and approved in the study of effective component, quality control, and identification of Chinese medicine. The related references of biological fingerprint of CMM and chemical fingerprint of CMM (including IR, UV, NMR, electro-chemical method, TLC, HPLC, GC, and CEP) and data calculation methods in the three years has been summarized in this article. Meanwhile, the direction and prospect of the CMM fingerprint technology are discussed.

Study Advances in Anti-diarrhea with Single Chinese Herb and Its Effective Components / 中国药师

Objective: To introduce recent research progress in anti-diarrhea with single Chinese herb and its effective compo-nents. Methods:The references on anti-diarrhea with single Chinese herb and its effective components in recent years were reviewed and analyzed. Results:The researches on anti-diarrhea activity and possible mechanism of single Chinese herbs, such as Terminalia chebula Retz, Fructus mume, Radix Puerariae and Pulsatilla chinensis ( Bunge) Regel, were reviewed. Conclusion: At present, the researches on anti-diarrhoea with single Chinese herb and its effective components have made some progress, while further and wider researches are still needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Simultaneous HPLC determination of 9 effective components ofTanreqing injection / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To establish HPLC method for the simultaneous detgrmination of 9 effective components ofTanreqing injection.Methods The Agilent TC-C18 (2) (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) column was used, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (B) in a gradient mode, the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the column temperature was 30℃, the injection volume was 10μl, and the detecting wavelength was at 280 nm.Results All the 9 effective components showed a good linear relationship. TheRSDof the precision, reproducibility and stability tests were less than 2%. The average recoveries of the 9 effective components were in the range of 99.3%-103.1%.Conclusion This analysis method is simple, accurate and has a good specificity, which can be suitable for controlling the quality of Tanreqing injection.

Research Progress on Chemical Components and Mechanism of Guava Leaf in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Guava leaf (GL) has been widely used as an herbal medicine for diabetes treatment in tropical and sub-tropical regions. GL has the function of drying dampness and fortifying the spleen, clearing heat and resolving toxins. Modern pharmacological study showed that GL contained flavonoid, phenolic acids, terpene, sesquiterpenoids and other chemical compounds, which regulated hyperglycemia. In recent years, the clinical and basic research on GL has received certain progress. This article reviewed effective components of GL, as well as research progress on clini-cal and basic research of type 2 diabetes.

Research on Effective Component Group Identification from Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula based on Entity Grammar Systems / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to explain the relationship between chemical component and therapy objective and to identify effective component group (ECG). The objective of this study is to build a new method to identify the ECG. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula and one of its treated diseases were selected as the re-search object. The entity grammar systems (EGS) were used as the theoretical framework. A grammatical method for ECG identification was constructed. The component-disease relationship was inferred and the ECG was identi-fied with these inference results. In this paper, 16 compounds which act to 12 proteins in Type 1 diabetes melli-tus (T1D) disease network were identified from Bai-Hu Tang plus Xiao-Ke Fang and 9 chemical compounds were determined as the candidate effective components group. The results indicated that this method can be used to identify ECG and provide a new way to elucidate the molecular mechanism of TCM formula.

Protection of Effective Component Group from Xiaoshuan Tongluo on Brain Injury after Chronic Hypoperfusion in Rats / 中草药·英文版

Objective To investigate the protective effects of purified effective component group in extract from Xiaoshuan Tongluo(CGXT)formula on chronic brain ischemia in rats.Methods CGXT 75,150,and 300 mg/kg or vehicle were ig administered daily for four weeks to rats with bilateral common carotid arteries ligation(BCCAL).From the day 24 to 28 after BCCAL,Morris water maze was performed to assess the learning and memory impairment of rats.Four weeks after BCCAL,brain gray and white matter damage were assessed.Results In Morris test,the mean escape latency of rats in the CGXT(150 and 300 mg/kg)groups was significantly shorter than that in the vehicle group.CGXT also attenuated the neuronal damage in hippocampus and cortex and reduced the pathological damage in the optic tract and corpus callosum.Conclusion CGXT could improve learning and memory impairment resulted from BCCAL in rats.These results provide the experimental basis for the clinical use of CGXT in stroke treatment and may help in investigation of multimodal therapy strategies in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases including stroke.

Ceramide mechanism of anti-myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury of effective position in Sini Decoction / 中成药

AIM: To study the effects of Sini Decoction's effective component(SNDE) on myocardial apoptosis and ceramide content during myocardial ischemla/reperfusion. METHODS: The mice of Kunming species were randomly divided into 3 groups: control,myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and SNDE.After inducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury of mice in vivo with pituitrin(Pit),myocardial SOD activity and MDA content were measured.DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescent stain of DAPI were done to check up apoptosis.The content of myocardial ceramide(?g/kg) was measured through HPTLC and scan of thin plate. RESULTS: The myocardium of model group has the phenomenon of DNA ladder.The apoptosis index and the ceramide content in model group were higher than those of control group(P

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the effective part and effective components of Radix Puerariae / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To establish a qualitative and quantitative method for controlling the quality of Radix Puerariae and its preparation. Methods The qualitative fingerprint of effective part (extract part of ethyl acetate) was obtained by using RP-HPLC with methanol-water (42∶58) as mobile phase and UV detection at 250 nm . The quantitative measurement of effective components (puerarin and daidzein) was finished under the above chromatographic conditions. And the 11 kinds of different samples of Radix Puerariae were analyzed by the method. Results Under the qualitative conditions, the 5 common peaks in RP-HPLC fingerprint of the effective part could be used as index peaks for qualitative identification. In RP-HPLC quantitative analysis, the recoveries of the method were 98.0% with RSD of 1.30% for puerarin and 95.4% with RSD of 1.61% for daidzein, respectively. The amount of puerarin and daidzein in Radix Puerariae was 0.213%～3.626% and 0.012%～ 0.049% , respectively. Conclusion The analytical method with qualitative fingerprint of effective part and quantitative measurement of effective components of Radix Puerariae can be accurately used for controlling its quality.